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    Journal of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapeuticsNOW IN
    Review

    An Overview of the Extraarticular Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Management

    Subham Das1★, Prasanta Padhan2★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Pharmacology, Gouridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
    2. 2Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Subham Das

    Department of Pharmacology, Gouridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.

    drsubhamdas2009@gmail.com

    Received: 16-12-2016; Revised: 28-07-2017; Accepted: 10-07-2017.

    Volume 8, Issue 3 · pp. 81–86 · PUBLISHED 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/jpp.JPP_194_16

    View on J Pharmacol. Pharmacother. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by long‑standing inflammation and significant joint destruction. Despite significant research and success toward the treatment modalities, complete remission still remains a challenge. Even then a number of early and late extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) of the disease further complicate the disease progression. Various EAM encountered in RA can involve more than one organ or system in the body and their clinical features also show lot of variations, mostly involving cutaneous, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems. The mortality associated with EAM may also be quite high in RA, sometimes more than the disease itself. These EAMs are difficult to diagnose and even more difficult to treat since no clear consensus exists among the rheumatologists as to their correct classification and also due to the fact that no clearcut guidelines are available for their treatment. With this background knowledge, the present review focuses on the various EAMs of RA, their classification, clinical features, and general management overview.

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      Das, S., & Padhan, P. (2017). An Overview of the Extraarticular Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Management. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 8(3), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpp.JPP_194_16