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    Pharmacognosy CommunicationsNOW IN
    Article

    Pyrazole, Isoxazoline and Bypyrimidine Derivatives from Polygonum senegalense and Psiadia punctulata Flavonoids and their Anti-Microbial Activities

    Evans Okemwa Kenanda1★, Leonidah Kerubo Omosa2★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200 Kisii, Kenya.
    2. 2Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Evans Okemwa Kenanda

    Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200 Kisii, Kenya.

    ekenanda@kisiiuniversity.ac.ke

    Volume 7, Issue 1 · pp. 47–52 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5530/pc.2017.1.7

    View on Pharmacogn. Commn. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Currently, researchers have given special attention to the synthesis of hetero­ cyclic compounds with nitrogen and oxygen five in five­ or six­membered ring systems. This is mainly due to their wide range of biological activities. Hence, in this study, isoxazoline, pyrazole and bypyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from flavonoids, previously isolated from Polygonum senega- lense and Psiadia panctulata, and assessed for their anti­fungal activity. A flavone was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford a pyrazole analogue 5­methoxy­2­(5­(2,3,4,5­tetramethoxyphenyl)­1H­pyrazol­3­yl)benzene­1,3­ diol (1) Two isoxazoline derivatives namely, 2­(4,5­dihydro­5­phenylisoxazol­ 3­yl)­5­methoxybenzene­1,3­diol (2) and 2­(­4,5­dihydro­5­phenylisoxazol­ 3­yl)­3,5­dimethoxyphenol (3) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of chalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. An oxime derivative (4) was also generated from a similar procedure. A reaction between a chalcone and thiourea gave a bypyrimidine derivative, 4,5­dihydro­6­(2,4­ dihydroxy­3,6­dimethoxyphenyl)­4­phenylpyrimidine­2­(1H)­thione (5). The products were then assessed for their anti­bacterial and anti­fungal activity. All compounds showed no significant activity except compound 2 that demonstrated activity against standard anti­bacterial agent, Streptococcus aureus with IC50 value of 7.56 and anti­fungal Candida neoformans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata strains with IC50 values 8.01, 8.11 and 13.74 μg/mL respectively. We, therefore, recommend synthetic optimization of com­ pound 2 as a potential anti­microbial agent.

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      Kenanda, E. O., & Omosa, L. K. (). Pyrazole, Isoxazoline and Bypyrimidine Derivatives from Polygonum senegalense and Psiadia punctulata Flavonoids and their Anti-Microbial Activities. Pharmacognosy Communications, 7(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.5530/pc.2017.1.7