Bioactive Constituents, Radical Scavenging, and Antibacterial Properties of the Leaves and Stem Essential Oils from Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth
Sunday O. Okoh1★, Benson C. Iweriebor1, Omobola O. Okoh1, Anthony I. Okoh1★ Corresponding author
- 1SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Mail Bag X1314 Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
CORRESPONDENCE
Sunday O. Okoh
SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Mail Bag X1314 Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Received: 14-03-2017; Revised: 25-04-2017.
Volume 13, Issue 51s · pp. S392–S400 · PUBLISHED 11 October 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_106_17
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ABSTRACT
Background: Peperomia pellucida is an annual herbaceous ethnomedicinal plant used in the treatment of a variety of communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the Amazon region. Objective: The study aimed at profiling the bioactive constituents of the leaves and stem essential oils (LEO and SEO) of P. pellucida, their in vitro antibacterial and radical scavenging properties as probable lead constituents in the management of oxidative stress and infectious diseases. Materials and Methods: The EOs were obtained from the leaves and stem P. pellucida using modified Clevenger apparatus and characterized by a high‑resolution gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry, while the radicals scavenging and antibacterial effects on four oxidants and six reference bacteria strains were examined by spectrophotometric and agar diffusion techniques, respectively. Results: The EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activities against six bacteria (Escherichia coli [180], Enterobacter cloacae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Listeria ivanovii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Vibrio paraheamolyticus) strains. The SEO antibacterial activities were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the LEO against most of the test bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.15 and 0.20 mg/mL for both EOs. The two oils were bactericidal at 0.20 mg/mL against S. aureus while the minimum bactericidal concentration (0.15 mg/mL) of LEO against L. ivanovii was lower than of SEO (0.20 mg/mL) after 24 h. The LEO IC50 value (1.67 mg/mL) revealed more radical scavenging activity than the SEO (2.83 mg/mL) and reference compounds against 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl radical. The EOs also scavenged three other different radicals (2,2’‑azino‑bis (3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical , lipid peroxyl radical, and nitric oxide radical) in concentration‑dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that apart from the indigenous uses of the plant extracts, the EO contains strong bioactive compounds with antibacterial and radicals scavenging properties and may be good alternative candidates in the search for novel potent antibiotics in this present era of increasing multidrug‑resistant bacterial strains as well as effective antioxidants agents.
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Okoh, S. O., Iweriebor, B. C., Okoh, O. O., & Okoh, A. I. (2017). Bioactive Constituents, Radical Scavenging, and Antibacterial Properties of the Leaves and Stem Essential Oils from Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(51s), S392–S400. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_106_17