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    Article

    Effects of the extract and glycoalkaloids of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill on Giardia lamblia trophozoites

    Gilmarcio Z. Martins2,3, Raquel R. D. Moreira3,4★, Cleopatra S. Planeta3, Adélia E. Almeida5, Jairo K. Bastos6, Lígia Salgueiro4,7, Carlos Cavaleiro4,7, Maria do Céu Sousa4,7★ Corresponding author

    1. 1UNIFEB, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos, Avenida Professor Roberto Monte Frade, Barretos, São Paulo state.
    2. 2Department of Principles Natural Actives and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state.
    3. 3Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus.
    4. 4Departament of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state.
    5. 5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.
    6. 6Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marques de Pombal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Raquel R. D. Moreira

    Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus.

    raquelrioclaro@gmail.com

    Received: 05-06-2014; Revised: 22-07-2014.

    Volume 11, Issue 42s · pp. 161–165 · PUBLISHED 27 May 2015 · DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.157721

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Solanum lycocarpum has great importance for food and medicinal traditional use. Recently, it was also evidenced that extracts of S. lycocarpum St. Hill (Solanaceae) and its glycoalkaloids, solamargine (Sg) and solasonine (Sn), are active against flagellated protozoa. Objective: The aim was to assess the effects of the extract of S. lycocarpum and its glycoalkaloids, Sn, and Sg, on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Materials and Methods: A crude extract (96% ethanol) (EB) of fruits of S. lycocarpum was prepared and fractionated by partition with 40% ethanol and n‑hexane: Ethyl acetate. Glycoalkaloids, Sn, and Sg were recognized in the ethanol fraction (EF) and further isolated by column chromatography. EB, EF, the isolated Sn and Sg and a mixture (1:1) of both glycoalkaloids were tested on cultures of G. lamblia trophozoites and macrophages. Results: EB, EF and glycoalkaloids of S. lycocarpum showed activity against Giardia (95.0 < Inhibitory concentration 50 [IC50] ≤120.3 µg/mL). The mixture of glycoalkaloids (1:1) was more active (IC50 = 13.23 µg/mL) than each one individually, suggesting a synergic effect. Moreover, the mixture is nontoxic to macrophage cells. Conclusion: Results are optimistic concerning the anti‑Giardia potential of the mixture Sn + Sg. Further studies, in vitro and in vivo, will be required to consolidate the usefulness of the mixture of Sn + Sg in view of a new therapeutic strategy for giardiasis.

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      Martins, G. Z., Moreira, R. R. D., Planeta, C. S., Almeida, A. E., Bastos, J. K., Salgueiro, L., Cavaleiro, C., & Sousa, M. D. C. (2015). Effects of the extract and glycoalkaloids of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(42s), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.157721