Chemometrics-based Approach in Analysis of Arnicae flos
Dimitrina Zh. Zheleva-Dimitrova1, Vessela Balabanova2, Reneta Gevrenova2★, Irini Doichinova2, Antonina Vitkova2★ Corresponding author
- 1Departments of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 2Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
CORRESPONDENCE
Reneta Gevrenova
Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Volume 11, Issue 44s3 · pp. 538–544 · PUBLISHED 2015 · DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172958
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Arnica montana flowers have a long history as herbal medicines for external use on injuries and rheumatic complaints. Objective: To investigate Arnicae flos of cultivated accessions from Bulgaria, Poland, Germany, Finland, and Pharmacy store for phenolic derivatives and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Materials and Methods: Samples of Arnica from nine origins were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction with 80% methanol for phenolic compounds analysis. Subsequent reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of the analytes was performed using gradient elution and ultraviolet detection at 280 and 310 nm (phenolic acids), and 360 nm (flavonoids). Total STLs were determined in chloroform extracts by solid-phase extraction-HPLC at 225 nm. The HPLC generated chromatographic data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC). Results: The highest total amount of phenolic acids was found in the sample from Botanical Garden at Joensuu University, Finland (2.36 mg/g dw). Astragalin, isoquercitrin, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside were the main flavonol glycosides being present up to 3.37 mg/g (astragalin). Three well-defined clusters were distinguished by PCA and HC. Cluster C1 comprised of the German and Finnish accessions characterized by the highest content of flavonols. Cluster C2 included the Bulgarian and Polish samples presenting a low content of flavonoids. Cluster C3 consisted only of one sample from a pharmacy store. Conclusion: A validated HPLC method for simultaneous determination of phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, and aglycones in A. montana flowers was developed. The PCA loading plot showed that quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin can be used to distinguish different Arnica accessions.
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Zheleva-Dimitrova, D. Z., Balabanova, V., Gevrenova, R., Doichinova, I., & Vitkova, A. (2015). Chemometrics-based Approach in Analysis of Arnicae flos. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(44s3), 538–544. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.172958