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    Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential and In vivo Hypouricemic Activity of Dimocarpus longan Lour. Extracts

    Shi-Yuan Sheu2,3,4, Yuan-Tsung Fu5,6, Wen-Dar Huang7, Yung-Ann Chen8, Yi-Chih Lei8, Chun-Hsu Yao9,10,11★, Feng-Lin Hsu12,13, Tzong-Fu Kuo8,14★ Corresponding author

    1. 1School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan.
    2. 2Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
    3. 3Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taiwan.
    4. 4Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taiwan.
    5. 5School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan.
    6. 6Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
    7. 7School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
    8. 8School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan.
    9. 9Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taiwan.
    10. 10Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taiwan.
    11. 11College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
    12. 12Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
    13. 13Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taiwan.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Chun-Hsu Yao

    Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taiwan.

    hsu0320@tmu.edu.tw

    Received: 28-11-2015; Revised: 17-12-2015.

    Volume 12, Issue 46s · pp. S206–S212 · PUBLISHED 11 May 2016 · DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182176

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Longan is a fruit tree known to contain many phenolic components, which are capable of protecting people from oxidative damage through an anti‑inflammatory mechanism. It may be also worthwhile to study the effect on lowering uric acid activity. Materials and Methods: This study investigates the lowering of uric acid using longan extracts, including flowers, pericarps, seeds, leaves, and twigs, on potassium‑oxonate‑induced hyperuricemia mice and its inhibitory actions against xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Results: The findings revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of longan extracts exhibited strong XO‑inhibitory activity, and the flower extracts (IC50 = 115.8 μg/mL) revealed more potent XO‑inhibitory activity to those of pericarps (118.9 μg/mL), twigs (125.3 μg/mL), seeds (262.5 μg/mL), and leaves (331.1 μg/mL) in vitro. In addition, different dosages of longan extract (50–100 mg/kg) were administered to hyperuricemic mice. The lowering effect of longan extracts on uric acid at 75 mg/kg markedly reduced plasma uric acid levels in decreasing order: Flowers (80%) > seeds (72%) > pericarps (64%) > twigs (59%) > leaves (41%), compared with allopurinol (89%). Finally, 10 isolated phytochemicals from longan flowers were then examined in vitro. The results indicated that proanthocyanidin A2 and acetonylgeraniin A significantly inhibited XO activity in vitro. This is the first report providing new insights into the urate‑reducing effect of phenolic dimer and hydrolyzable tannin, which can be developed to potential hypouricemic agents.

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      Sheu, S., Fu, Y., Huang, W., Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Yao, C., Hsu, F., & Kuo, T. (2016). Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential and In vivo Hypouricemic Activity of Dimocarpus longan Lour. Extracts. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(46s), S206–S212. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.182176