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    Solvent‑based Microwave‑assisted Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum Leaves using Particle Swarm Optimization‑integrated Response Surface Methodology

    Lopamudra Sarma1, Sourav Chakraborty1, Raj Kumar Duary1★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Raj Kumar Duary

    Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.

    duary@tezu.ernet.in

    Received: 05-12-2017; Revised: 10-01-2018.

    Volume 14, Issue 57s · pp. S275–S283 · PUBLISHED 10 September 2018 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_570_17

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Sesamum indicum is a widely cultivated crop with edible seeds which are well known for its rich antioxidant properties. The plant leaves have also been reported to have health functional attributes such as lowering cholesterol level in body, reducing cancer, and acting as antihypertensive resource. Objective: The aim of the study was to optimize the effects of solvent‑based microwave‑assisted extractions (SMAEs) of phenolic compounds from S. indicum (Sesame) leaves using combined approach of response surface methodology and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Materials and Methods: SMAEs along with response surface model development and its optimization by PSO were done. The optimization parameters such as microwave power (180–900 W), extraction time (1–30 min), solid‑liquid ratio (1:10–40 g/mL), and solvent (methanol) concentration (50–70%) were employed to obtain extracts showing higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities by 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value. Results: The maximum TPC and DPPH values were 206.14 ± 2.70 mg GAE/100 g and 96.04 ± 1.67% for extracts against 51.38% methanol concentration, 1:23 g/ mL solid‑liquid ratio, 900 W power level, and 16.95 min of extraction time, respectively. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry chromatographs showed the presence of various essential phytocomponents such as ascorbic acid, phytol, and flavonol as functional molecules at 26.79, 29.03, and 39.70 min retention time, respectively. The high‑performance liquid chromatogram further confirmed the presence of quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid at a concentration of 11.25, 4.28, and 1.61 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest application of PSO algorithms as an efficient approach to optimize the extraction of bioactive components from Sesame leaves which can be used as a potential source for functional and nutraceutical food development.

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      Sarma, L., Chakraborty, S., & Duary, R. K. (2018). Solvent‑based Microwave‑assisted Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum Leaves using Particle Swarm Optimization‑integrated Response Surface Methodology. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 14(57s), S275–S283. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_570_17