Evaluation and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Bovine Viral Diarrhea/Mucosal Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Studies
Liang Chen1, Shijie Lan1, Sisi Shen1, Jiahui Wang1, Xuesong Liu1, Botao Jiang1, Peng Zhong1, Bochao Liu1, Shuang Yao1, Pingwei Qin1, Wanyu Feng1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, CHINA.
CORRESPONDENCE
Wanyu Feng
Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, CHINA.
Received: 26-02-2024; Accepted: 18-07-2024.
Volume 21, Issue 3 · pp. 765–780 · PUBLISHED 2025 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296241276640
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ABSTRACT
Background: Bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is widely distributed worldwide. The disease causes serious economic losses to animal husbandry every year. Finding targeted antiviral drugs proves to be an effective strategy. Objectives: This study was based on network pharmacology and in vitro studies to analyze the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of BVD-MD. Materials and Methods: The intersection targets between TCM and the disease were identified. Network topology analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPIs) networks were performed. Intersection targets were analyzed for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to reveal the degree of binding of core components to key target genes. Characterization of the anti-Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) effect of TCM by cytotoxicity and in vitro studies. Results: The results revealed the selection of five key Chinese medicines, along with 206 targets associated with BVD-MD. The toll-like receptor, PI3K-AKT, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were closely related to the five TCMs. AKT1, EGFR, HSP90AA1, and MAPK1 had good binding with quercetin, the core component of Chinese medicine. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that quercetin exhibited complex stability with AKT1. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of quercetin on BVDV is mainly in the initial phase. Quercetin inhibited the expression of AKT1. Conclusion: The mechanism of BVDV inhibition by the core Chinese medicines is closely related to MAPK1, AKT1, TNF, and HSP90AA1, with the reduction of AKT1 ultimately affecting viral expression.
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Chen, L., Lan, S., Shen, S., Wang, J., Liu, X., Jiang, B., Zhong, P., Liu, B., Yao, S., Qin, P., & Feng, W. (2025). Evaluation and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Bovine Viral Diarrhea/Mucosal Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Studies. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 21(3), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296241276640