Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina
Mohammad Abu Basma Rajeh1, Yuet Ping Kwan2, Zuraini Zakaria1, Lachimanan Yoga Latha2, Subramanion L. Jothy2, Sreenivasan Sasidharan2★★ Corresponding author
- 1Biology Division, School of Distance Education
- 2Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
CORRESPONDENCE
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
*Address for correspondence: Dr. Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia - 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
Revised: 14-11-2011.
Volume 4, Issue 3 · pp. 170–177 · PUBLISHED October-December 2012 · DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.99085
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ABSTRACT
Background The methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae), which is used in traditional medicines, was tested for in vivo toxicity. Materials and Methods In vivo brine shrimp lethality assay and oral acute toxicity study at single high dose of 5000 mg/kg and observation for 14 days in mice were used to study the toxic effect of E. hirta. Results Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC50) of E. hirta (for leaves, stems, flowers and roots) methanolic extracts at concentrations from 100 to 0.07 mg/ml. The LC50 values of 1.589, 1.420, 0.206 and 0.0827 mg/ml were obtained for stems, leaves, flowers and roots, respectively. Potassium dichromate (the positive control) had LC50 value of 0.00758 mg/ml. The acute oral toxicity study of the leaf extract resulted in one third mortality and mild behavioral changes among the treated mice. No significant statistical differences found between body weight, relative (%) and absolute (g) organ weights of treated and untreated groups (P> 0.05). Gross and microscopic examination of the vital organ tissues revealed no differences between control and treated mice. All the tissues appeared normal. Conclusions E. hirta leaves methanol extract has exhibited mild toxic effects in mice.
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Rajeh, M. A. B., Kwan, Y. P., Zakaria, Z., Latha, L. Y., Jothy, S. L., & Sasidharan, S. (2012). Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina. Pharmacognosy Research, 4(3), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.99085