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    In vivo Toxicity Studies on Gall Extracts of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae)

    Ravi Shankara Birur Eshwarappa1,2,3, Y. L. Ramachandra3, Sundara Rajan Subaramaihha3, Sujan Ganapathy Pasura Subbaiah2, Richard Surendranath Austin4, Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya5★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Chemistry, School of Graduate Studies, Jain University
    2. 2Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, A Division of Centre for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Chamrajpete, Bengaluru
    3. 3Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta
    4. 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore
    5. 5Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya

    Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

    chandu_greeshma@rediffmail.com Dr. Ravi Shankara Birur Eshwarappa, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E-mail: beravish@gmail.com

    Volume 8, Issue 3 · pp. 199–201 · PUBLISHED Jul-Sep 2016 · DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.182914

    View on Pharmacogn. Res. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    The galls of Terminala chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae) are used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine and has been found to posses anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-helmintic, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-aging activities. Considering the ethano-botanical and diverse pharmacological applications of galls of T. chebula, in this study, we investigate the possible toxic effects of different gall extracts of T. chebula by Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity assay. The cytotoxicity test of leaf gall extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of T. chebula was evaluated by Brine shrimp (A. salina) toxicity assay, which is based on the ability to kill laboratory cultured Artemia nauplii (animals eggs) and also total content of polyphenols, flavonoids with other qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract were determined. It was observed that the petroleum ether extract was virtually nontoxic on the shrimps, and exhibited very low toxicity with LC50 value of 4356.76 mg/ml. Furthermore, the chloroform extract exhibited very low toxicity, giving LC50 value of 1462.2 mg/ml. On the other hand, the ethanol extract was very toxic to brine shrimps with LC50 value of 68.64 mg/ml. The ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content of 136 ± 1.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g d.w and 113 ± 1.6 mg of quercetin equivalent/g d.w, respectively. The higher toxicity effect was positively correlated to the high content of total polyphenols/flavonoids in the extract. This significant lethality of different extracts to brine shrimp is an indicative of the presence of potent cytotoxic components which warrants further investigation.

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      Eshwarappa, R. S. B., Ramachandra, Y. L., Subaramaihha, S. R., Subbaiah, S. G. P., Austin, R. S., & Dhananjaya, B. L. (2016). In vivo Toxicity Studies on Gall Extracts of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae). Pharmacognosy Research, 8(3), 199–201. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.182914