The Role of Olfactory System in the Etiogenesis of Parkinson’s Diseases: An Overview
Jiju Narayanan Avanipully1, Dithu Thekkekkara1, Sahyadri M1, Vipan K. Parihar2, Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER-Hajipur, Bihar, India.
CORRESPONDENCE
Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula
Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
Received: 18-11-2021; Revised: 04-12-2021; Accepted: 18-01-2022.
Volume 13, Issue 1 · pp. 31–39 · PUBLISHED 2022 · DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221085802
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ABSTRACT
Parkinson’s disease (PD) mainly affects the dopaminergic neuronal networks of the substantia nigra, which leads to both motor and nonmotor symptoms of the disease. Based on the reports from the previous studies, 95% of the cases are presented along with olfactory dysfunction. The relevant publications from 2002 to 2021 were searched and shortlisted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In this review, we have discussed the correlation between olfactory dysfunction and PD. Olfactory damage presents earlier than the motor symptoms. Because there are no current methodologies for the early detection of PD, olfactory dysfunction can be used as a potential marker for the early detection of PD and hence paving the way for better therapeutic approaches.
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Avanipully, J. N., Thekkekkara, D., M, S., Parihar, V. K., & Manjula, S. N. (2022). The Role of Olfactory System in the Etiogenesis of Parkinson’s Diseases: An Overview. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 13(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221085802