Phenolic Profile and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Bulgarian Carduus Species
Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova1, Iliya Zhelev3★, Dasha Mihaylova2★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”.
- 2Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4000.
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9000, Bulgaria.
CORRESPONDENCE
Iliya Zhelev
Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9000, Bulgaria.
Volume 11, Issue 44s3 · pp. 575–9 · PUBLISHED 2015 · DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172964
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ABSTRACT
Background: Plant species from genus Carduus are widely distributed in the world and represented in Bulgaria by 14 species. Previous investigations on this genus demonstrated a strong antioxidant potential of extract from some Bulgarian Carduus species. Objective: The present study investigates the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of different extracts obtained from four endemic Compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus Boiss and Heldr., Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit ssp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi., Carduus rhodopaeus Velen. and Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant capacity of the obtained extracts was estimated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power and copper reduction antioxidant assays. Phenolic profile was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were quantified in the inflorescences. Sinapic (2760.72 ± 15.68 µg/g dry weight [dw]), chlorogenic (2564.50 ± 19.73 µg/g dw) and ferulic acids (1648.71 ± 19.57 µg/g dw), as well as luteolin (2345.45 ± 18.61 µg/g dw) and apigenin (1332.75 ± 12.05 µg/g dw) were found to be the predominant compounds. The above contents are the highest values found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The highest established antioxidant activity (AOA) was in favor of the ethanolic extracts, and the extract of C. rhodopaeus affirmed with the highest AOA among the investigated plant species. Conclusion: All identified phenolic compounds were reported for the 1st time in the studied endemic Carduus species, as well as their antioxidant capacities. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties.
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Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, I., Zhelev, I., & Mihaylova, D. (2015). Phenolic Profile and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Bulgarian Carduus Species. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(44s3), 575–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.172964