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    Article

    Effects of Plantago major Extracts and Its Chemical Compounds on Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Cytokines Production of Lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 Macrophages

    Kartini1★, Suratsawadee Piyaviriyakul2, Suchitra Thongpraditchote3, Pongpun Siripong4, Omboon Vallisuta4★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia.
    2. 2Research Division, Natural Products Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
    3. 3Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
    4. 4Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Kartini

    Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia.

    kartini@staff.ubaya.ac.id

    Received: 16-09-2016; Revised: 23-11-2016; Accepted: 23-11-2016.

    Volume 13, Issue 51 · pp. 393–399 · PUBLISHED 19 July 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_406_16

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Plantago major has been reported to have anticancer and anti‑inflammatory properties. However, its antiproliferative and anti‑inflammatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, which plant parts are more suitable as starting materials has not been explored. Objectives: To investigate the antiproliferative activity of P. major extracts against MCF‑7, MDA‑MB‑231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cancer cell lines as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‑a, interleukin [IL]‑1β, IL‑6, and interferon [IFN]‑g) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated THP‑1 macrophages. Materials and Methods: The methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major from different plant parts and its chemical compounds, i.e., ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and aucubin were tested in this experiment. Results: Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity. The methanol extracts of seeds also demonstrated the highest inhibition of TNF‑a, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and IFN‑g production. Interestingly, the roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable activities to those of leaves and petioles. Furthermore, UA exhibited stronger activities than OA and aucubin. Conclusions: The seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti‑inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of P. major derived products with respect to anti‑inflammatory.

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      Kartini, Piyaviriyakul, S., Thongpraditchote, S., Siripong, P., & Vallisuta, O. (2017). Effects of Plantago major Extracts and Its Chemical Compounds on Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Cytokines Production of Lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 Macrophages. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(51), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_406_16