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    Article

    Anti‑Inflammatory and Anti‑Melanogenic Effects of Major Leaf Components of Alpinia zerumbet var. excelsa

    Md Shahinozzaman2,3, Takahiro Ishii2,4, Shinichi Gima5, Binh Cao Quan Nguyen3, Md Amzad Hossain2,6, Shinkichi Tawata3,4★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
    2. 2PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
    3. 3Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
    4. 4Instrumental Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
    5. 5Subtropical Field Science Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Shinkichi Tawata

    Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.

    b986097@agr.u‑ryukyu.ac.jp

    Received: 10-04-2018; Revised: 24-05-2018.

    Volume 14, Issue 58 · pp. 578–586 · PUBLISHED 13 November 2018 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_136_18

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: The leaves of Alpinia zerumbet var. excelsa (alpinia) are used to prepare traditional food items and folk medicines. Objective: This study was designed with a view to explore the anti‑inflammatory and anti-melanogenic potentials of major components of alpinia leaves. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of leaf-derived compounds were primarily assessed with protein denaturation and proteinase assay. Their inhibitory effects on nitrite accumulation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells were also evaluated. For anti-melanogenic assays, all the compounds were tested on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells and on mushroom tyrosinase in vitro. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated using fibroblast cell line 3T3 L-1 and brine shrimps. Results: Five compounds, 5,6-dehydrokawain, dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain, (E)-5-methoxy- 8-(4-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)-7-phenyl-1-styryl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct- 4-en-3-one (AS-2), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (KOG), and quercetin 3-O--D-glucuronide (QOG) were purified from the leaves. Of which, AS-2 and QOG were purified for the first time. All compounds significantly inhibited albumin denaturation and proteinase activity. AS-2, KOG, and QOG remarkably inhibited nitric oxide formation with IC50 values of 8.2, 13.3, and 12.6 µM, respectively, in RAW 264.7 cells. They also inhibited PGE2 production with IC50 values 19.8-23.7 µM. They showed anti-melanogenic effects reducing tyrosinase activity (IC50 values 29.6-112.5 µM) and melanin formation (IC50 values 30.8–164.4 µM) in B16F10 cells, and inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 values 61.5-456.4 µg/ml). Conclusion: Taken together, major components of alpinia leaf could be utilized as a potent herbal drug and food supplement with therapeutic prospects against inflammatory disorders and hyperpigmentation.

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      Shahinozzaman, M., Ishii, T., Gima, S., Nguyen, B. C. Q., Hossain, M. A., & Tawata, S. (2018). Anti‑Inflammatory and Anti‑Melanogenic Effects of Major Leaf Components of Alpinia zerumbet var. excelsa. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 14(58), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_136_18