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    Elemental Profiling of Smokeless Tobacco Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma‑Mass Spectrometry, their Chemometric Analysis and Assessment of Health Hazards

    Hassan A. Alhazmi2,3★, Waquar Ahsan2,3, Ibraheem M. Attafi4, Asaad Khalid3, Siddig I. Abdelwahab3, Mohammad Al Bratty2,3, Shahnaz Sultana3,5★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Departments of, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
    2. 2Pharmaceutical Chemistry and, Saudi Arabia.
    3. 3Smokeless Tobacco Research Group, Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
    4. 4Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
    5. 5Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Hassan A. Alhazmi

    Pharmaceutical Chemistry and, Saudi Arabia.

    hasalhazmi@gmail.com

    Received: 17-05-2018; Revised: 29-06-2018.

    Volume 14, Issue 58 · pp. 587–596 · PUBLISHED 21 November 2018 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_262_18

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Smokeless tobacco (ST), locally called shammah, is a form of tobacco that is widely used in Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia. Objective: A total of 21 ST samples were collected from the southern province of Jazan for elemental analysis. Materials and Methods: These samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine their element concentrations. Chemometric multivariate analysis such as hierarchical cluster analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were performed for better understanding and interpretation of the data. Concentrations obtained were used to determine the users’ daily and weekly intake of elements and were compared with the acceptable daily intake and provisional tolerable weekly intake. Results: Metal ions present in maximum concentrations were strontium (11608.71 µg/ kg) and manganese (3543.10 µg/kg), whereas those with minimum concentrations were silver (53.90 µg/kg) and chromium (62.33 µg/ kg). Conclusion: Although the concentrations of all the elements fell under the safe limit, the concentrations of many toxic elements were significantly high and resulted in various health hazards on the intake of these elements with other sources.

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      Alhazmi, H. A., Ahsan, W., Attafi, I. M., Khalid, A., Abdelwahab, S. I., Bratty, M. A., & Sultana, S. (2018). Elemental Profiling of Smokeless Tobacco Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma‑Mass Spectrometry, their Chemometric Analysis and Assessment of Health Hazards. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 14(58), 587–596. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_262_18