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    Antiurolithic Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo Seeds Extract against Sodium Oxalate‑Induced Renal Calculi

    Aisha Shehzad1, Uzma Saleem1★, Muhammad Ajmal Shah2, Celia Vargas-de la Cruz3, Abdul Haleem Khan4, Bashir Ahmad5★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Departments of Pharmacology, College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
    2. 2Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
    3. 3Latin American Center for Teaching and Research in Food Bacteriology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, Pakistan.
    4. 4Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Pakistan.
    5. 5Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Uzma Saleem

    Departments of Pharmacology, College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

    uzma95@gmail.com

    Received: 15-04-2019; Revised: 27-05-2019.

    Volume 16, Issue 68S · pp. S174–S180 · PUBLISHED 31 March 2020 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_166_19

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Objective: The present study was investigated to resolve the antiurolithic potential of methanol extract of C. pepo (MECP) seed against sodium oxalate‑induced renal calculi using both in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and Methods: MECP was prepared by macerating C. pepo seed powder in methanol. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‑MS) analysis was performed to characterize the phytochemical profile of MECP. In vitro techniques such as nucleation, aggregation, growth, and dissolution assays were performed using different concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/mL) of MECP and the standard drug cystone to determine their calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals inhibitory potential. In male albino rats, calculi were induced by intraperitoneal administration of sodium oxalate (70 mg/kg) for 10 days. Various doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of MECP were administered orally to male albino rats. Various pathological parameters such as body and kidney weights, serum (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid), urinary (calcium, potassium, oxalate, sodium, magnesium, phosphate, pH, and volume) analysis, and kidney histopathology were executed. Results: GC‑MS fingerprints showed that beta‑tocopherol, stigmasterol, and squalene are the major phytochemicals found in MECP. Results demonstrated that MECP significantly inhibited various steps of CaOx crystal formation such as nucleation, aggregation, growth, and dissolution in dose‑dependent manner. MECP normalized the raised levels of oxalate, calcium, sodium, phosphate, uric acid, restored alterations in histopathology while elevated the reduced levels of magnesium, urine volume, and pH. Conclusion: The undertaken study rationalized the usage of C. pepo as an alternative or adjuvant treatment for renal calculi after clinical trials in human subjects.

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      Shehzad, A., Saleem, U., Shah, M. A., Cruz, C. V. L., Khan, A. H., & Ahmad, B. (2020). Antiurolithic Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo Seeds Extract against Sodium Oxalate‑Induced Renal Calculi. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 16(68S), S174–S180. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_166_19