Phcog.Net logo
Submit

BROWSE ALL JOURNALS

    SEE ALL 6 JOURNALS
    Pharmacognosy MagazineNOW IN
    Article

    Anti‑inflammatory Activity of Zanthoxylum rhetsa Bark Fractions via Suppression of Nuclear Factor‑kappa B in Lipopolysaccharide‑Stimulated Macrophages

    Ramesh Kumar Santhanam2, Katyakyini Muniandy3, Sivapragasam Gothai3, Khozirah Shaari4, Palani Kandasamy Senthilkumar5, Palanivel Ganesan6, Palanisamy Arulselvan7,8★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terenganu.
    2. 2Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience.
    3. 3Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
    4. 4Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
    5. 5Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
    6. 6Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Affiliated to Periyar University, Rasipuram.
    7. 7Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt. Ltd., Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Palanisamy Arulselvan

    Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt. Ltd., Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.

    arulbio@gmail.com

    Received: 07-11-2019; Revised: 18-12-2019; Accepted: 17-02-2020.

    Volume 16, Issue 70S · pp. S385–S390 · PUBLISHED 28 August 2020 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_486_19

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore and demonstrate the anti‑inflammatory activity of various solvent fractions of Z. rhetsa bark. Materials and Methods: The effect of crude methanolic extract and its fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol) on the levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‑1β, tumor necrosis factor‑alpha, and interleukin‑6) and inflammatory factors was tested via targeting nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB) signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: Treatment with all the solvent fractions at various concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) suppressed pro‑inflammatory cytokine levels in a dose‑dependent manner. Among the fractions, the chloroform fractions exhibited a significant inhibition of LPS‑induced inflammation. Moreover, these fractions effectively suppressed the expression of various NF‑κB signaling targets, including NF‑κB, nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase‑2 as well as inhibited the degradation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‑cell inhibitor, alpha (inhibitor of kappa B alpha [IκBα]). This anti‑inflammatory effect was mediated by the prevention of IκBα degradation, as this protein prevents the translocation of NF‑κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, initiating the transcription of pro‑inflammatory genes. Conclusion: Thus, the Z. rhetsa chloroform fraction may be an effective natural anti‑inflammatory agent against inflammation‑associated diseases.

    KEYWORDS

    Open in new tab

    REFERENCES

    As published

    Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

      Cite this article

      SELECT FORMAT

      Santhanam, R. K., Muniandy, K., Gothai, S., Shaari, K., Senthilkumar, P. K., Ganesan, P., & Arulselvan, P. (2020). Anti‑inflammatory Activity of Zanthoxylum rhetsa Bark Fractions via Suppression of Nuclear Factor‑kappa B in Lipopolysaccharide‑Stimulated Macrophages. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 16(70S), S385–S390. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_486_19