Adhatoda vasica is Effective in Relieving Pain through Modulation of Inflammation
Li Gao1★, Shasha Cui2★, Zhiqiang Huang3, Hailong Cui4★★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi Province, China.
- 3Department of Anesthesiology, Xilingo League Central Hospital, Xilingo League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
- 4Department of Anesthesiology, Hohhot Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hohhot Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
CORRESPONDENCE
Li Gao
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Received: 12-03-2022; Revised: 02-05-2022; Accepted: 09-06-2022.
Volume 18, Issue 79 · pp. 593–599 · PUBLISHED 19 September 2022 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_114_22
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ABSTRACT
Background: Nociception is an unpleasant experience that has a negative effect on both the physiological and psychological status of individuals. Factors including temperature, and physical damage originating from mechanical, chemical, or even biological stimuli are likely to induce pain. Currently, a limited choice of antinociceptive medications is available for the management of pain.Purpose: Pharmacological activities of various plant extracts and derivatives are being actively explored for discovering novel plant‑based antinociceptive agents. In the current work, we explored Adhatoda vasica for its antinociceptive activities. Materials and Methods: In the current experiment, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, and to induce pain, formalin was administered. We used extracts from A. vasica at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml for determination of the antinociceptive effect. To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the A. vasica extract, animal behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, nitric oxide (NO) estimation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) estimation were performed. For behavioral analysis, the animal movement was recorded as a movie and analyzed using Behavioral Observation of Research Interactive Software (BORIS). Results: The behavior of fish was recorded by BORIS. Fishes treated with formalin preferred to stay in darkness. In addition, they also maintained their position at the bottom of the water tank. Upon treatment with the plant extract, the fish moved to light and the middle layer of the tank. The plant extract ameliorated the pain in fish, as evidenced by the swimming pattern. Further, the plant extract reduced the ROS and NO. Conclusion: The A. vasica plant extract reduced inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in the inflammatory markers. The antinociceptive activity was further indicated by restoration of the color change induced by formalin. In conclusion, the current study emphasizes the significance of A. vasica plant extract in relieving pain.
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Gao, L., Cui, S., Huang, Z., & Cui, H. (2022). Adhatoda vasica is Effective in Relieving Pain through Modulation of Inflammation. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 18(79), 593–599. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_114_22