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    Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activity of Schinus terebinthifolia Fruit and Isolation of a New Immunomodulatory Polyphenolic Compound

    Aljawharah Alqathama1★, Mohamed I. S. Abdelhady2,3, Mohsen S. Al-Omar4,5, Mohamed F. Barghash6, Aliaa I. Shallan7★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
    2. 2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
    3. 3College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
    4. 4Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
    5. 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
    6. 6Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
    7. 7Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Aljawharah Alqathama

    Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.

    aaqathama@uqu.edu.sa

    Volume 19, Issue 1 · pp. 13–22 · PUBLISHED 2023 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296221138632

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: The fruit of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of different ailments. Materials and Methods: We studied the phytochemical profile of S. terebinthifolia fruit and evaluated its properties, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Results: Phytochemical investigation of S. terebinthifolia fruit showed an estimated total phenolic content of 67 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, with respect to gallic acid, while the flavonoid content was 26 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, in terms of quercetin. Bioassay fractionation of methanolic extract of the fruit resulted in the isolation of a new molecule for the first time from this natural source: 4′,methoxy-6-vinyl-7-O-rhamnosyl-dihydromyricetin or 4′,methoxy-6-vinyl-7-O- rhamnosyl-ampelopsin (Compound 8). Seven other phenolic compounds were isolated, such as (1) gallic acid; (2) afzelin; (3) quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; (4) genistein 7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside; (5) ellagic acid; (6) kaempferol and (7) quercetin. The new compound was ascertained using UV, NMR and MS spectra and acid hydrolysis analysis. Significant antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties were observed in the alcohol extract, as well as proliferation inhibition in MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Its activity in elevating glutathione levels in diabetic rats could be due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion: The new compound shows immunomodulatory effects that can be utilized to augment host responses, which is important in both cancer and infectious diseases and thus worth further pharmacological investigation.

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      Alqathama, A., Abdelhady, M. I. S., Al-Omar, M. S., Barghash, M. F., & Shallan, A. I. (2023). Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activity of Schinus terebinthifolia Fruit and Isolation of a New Immunomodulatory Polyphenolic Compound. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 19(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296221138632