Bee Pollen Stimulated BMP2 and RANK Signaling Pathway in Osteoprogenitors and Improved Bone Mineralization in Rat Model of Femur Fracture
Xiaowan Zeng1, Yajing Lin1★, Chaonan Wang2★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, CHINA.
- 2Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, CHINA.
CORRESPONDENCE
Yajing Lin
Department of Orthopedics, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, CHINA.
Received: 12-06-2023; Accepted: 07-07-2023.
Volume 20, Issue 2 · pp. 470–484 · PUBLISHED 2024 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296231198286
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ABSTRACT
Objectives: Bee pollen (BP) contains isoflavonoids and minerals that can be effective in bone repair, stimulation of osteoprogenitors, differentiation of osteoblasts, and inhibition of osteoclasts. For this purpose, in the present study, BP was used to stimulate osteogenesis in an animal model of a femur fracture. Materials and Methods: After induction of the femur fracture model, 80 Wistar rats in eight groups (n = 10) were studied as follows. Normal control group (0.5 cc of distilled water, DW/gavage/90 days), BP group (200 mg/kg BP/daily/ gavage/90 days), fracture (FX-0.5 cc of distilled water/gavage/90 days), FX group treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BP (100 and 200 mg/kg BP/daily/gavage/90 days), FX group treated with osteocare (OC) syrup (1 mL/day/gavage/90 days) and combinatorial FX groups treated with BP and OC syrup (100 and 200 mg/kg BP plus 1 mL OC/daily/gavage/90 days). On the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, radiography of the lesion was done. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during the mentioned days. At the end of the study, blood calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), along with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and nitric oxide levels, were measured. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In order to evaluate the stimulation of osteoprogenitors, the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) genes and proteins in bone tissue was measured. Results: The evaluations of this study showed that BP could improve BMD parameters through stimulation of the OPG/ RANK/BMP-2 pathway. BP also improved serum levels of biochemical factors (Ca, P, and ALP) and hormones related to osteogenesis. Conclusion: BP can be used for bone fractures and disorders related to osteoporosis.
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Zeng, X., Lin, Y., & Wang, C. (2024). Bee Pollen Stimulated BMP2 and RANK Signaling Pathway in Osteoprogenitors and Improved Bone Mineralization in Rat Model of Femur Fracture. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 20(2), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231198286