Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Actives of Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves of Juniperus turbinata Guss.

ABSTRACT

Background: Juniperus turbinata Guss. is a medicinal mountain plant used by the Indigenous population in the traditional pharmacopeia. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxydant and hymolytic activities of Juniperus turbinata Guss. leaves extracts. Materials and Methods: The essential oils of Juniperus turbinata Guss. (EOJL) leaves were extracted, and their phytochemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). EOJL was evaluated for its anti-free radical (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) properties, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, and hemolytic activities. Results: The chemical study showed that EOJL contains 14 chemicals, with a 99.98% identification rate. The most abundant compounds in EOJL are linalool (45%), borneol (12%), and cineole (11%). The EOJL exhibited a 50% inhibition concentration of DPPH radicals value of 23.56 ± 0.72 µg/mL (DPPH) for its antioxidant activity, an effective concentration equivalent of 0.50 nm value of 239.08 ± 5.13 µg/mL (FRAP), and a total antioxidant activity of 735.03 ± 21.25 µg AAE/mg (TAC). The antibacterial efficacy of EOJL on a solid substrate demonstrated a range of 10–15 mm in diameter for bacterial strains, 14.33 ± 1.15 mm for C. albicans, and 56.68 ± 1.19% for Fusarium oxysporum. The bacterial strains exhibited a minimum concentration range of 6.15–11.26 µg/mL on the solid medium, whereas the range for the strains was between 5.11 and 10.23 µg/mL. The molecular docking analysis demonstrated that terpineol has potent antioxidant activity against NADPH oxidase, as shown by a shift score of –4.055 kcal mol–1. Eugenol also showed significant antioxidant activity with a shift value of –4.003 kcal mol–1. Camphor exhibited significant efficacy against S. aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as demonstrated by a slip score of –5.156 kcal mol–1. Conclusion: The findings highlight the significance of EOJL as a natural antioxidant and its antibacterial potential against pathogenic strains that are therapeutically relevant.

KEYWORDS

• Juniperus
• medicinal plant
• gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
• antimicrobial
• molecular docking
• antioxidant

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• DOI10.1177/09731296241281499Copy

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