Biological Activity and Cell Cycle Effects of Natural Extract Kaempferol on Androgendependent Prostate Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT

Background: There is an abnormal enhancement of androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells, leading to increased sensitivity to androgens and the promotion of cancer cell proliferation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf-derived kaempferol extract on the biological activity and cell cycle of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) through in vitro cell culture experiments. Materials and Methods: Kaempferol was isolated and extracted from the hydrolysate of E. ulmoides leaves, and its clearance rates for superoxide anion (O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were analyzed. Subsequently, LNCaP cells were treated with kaempferol at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μmol L⁻¹ and grouped accordingly. Changes in cell proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, cell cycle distribution, and levels of apoptosis-related proteins were assessed. Results: The recovery rate of kaempferol from E. ulmoides leaves was approximately 98.23%, with kaempferol contents of 0.008% before hydrolysis and 0.089% after hydrolysis. As the concentration of kaempferol increased, the clearing rate (CR) of O2− and ·OH free radicals also gradually increased (p < .05). In contrast to the 0.0 μmol L⁻¹ group, the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μmol L⁻¹ groups have exhibited greatly enhanced proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of LNCaP, a remarkable decrease in the S-phase proportion, a substantial increase in the G2/M-phase proportion, and a significant reduction in Bcl-2 protein. Conversely, expressions of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were significantly upregulated (p < .05). Conclusion: E. ulmoides leaf-derived kaempferol extract demonstrated a pronounced antioxidant effect. Kaempferol was found to inhibit LNCaP proliferation and promote its apoptosis by modulating the cell cycle and the apoptosis-related proteins.

KEYWORDS

• Androgen-dependent
• apoptosis
• cell cycle
• kaempferol
• prostate cancer

Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

• DOI10.1177/09731296251325350Copy

RELATED ARTICLES

Matched on section and article type within this issue of Pharmacogn. Mag..

• Article · VOLUME 22, ISSUE 1Leonurine Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Pentylenetetrazoleinduced Epilepsy in RatsHuan Hui, Fan Li · pp. 113–124Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 22, ISSUE 1A Comparative Study Between Cheilocostus speciosus (Sea Qust) and Saussurea lappa (Indian Qust): Decoding the Spectral, Anti-bacterial, and Anti-cancer AnalysesSiddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, Syam Mohan, Mukul Sharma, Md Shamsher Alam, Mohamed Eltaib Elmobark, Sivakumar S Moni, Mohammed Albeishy, Ohood Sufyani, Afraim Koty, Adel S. Al-Zubairi · pp. 125–135Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 22, ISSUE 1Integrate Molecular Docking and Animal Model Validation into the Research of the Effect and Potential Mechanism of Eupatilin Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion InjuryYulong Li, Xiang Li · pp. 136–146Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 22, ISSUE 1Albiflorin Enhances Diabetic Wound Healing Process by Enhancing Re-epithelialization and Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic RatsJie Yang, Xinrong Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, Lu Yan · pp. 147–157Original Research ArticleSame type: Article