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    Volatile constituents of Pinus roxburghii from Nepal

    Prabodh Satyal1, Prajwal Paudel1, Josna Raut2, Akash Deo3, Noura S. Dosoky1, William N. Setzer1★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
    2. 2Department of Chemistry, MMAMC, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
    3. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIET, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India

    CORRESPONDENCE

    William N. Setzer

    *Address for correspondence: Prof. William N. Setzer, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

    wsetzer@chemistry.uah.edu

    Revised: 17-03-2012.

    Volume 5, Issue 1 · pp. 43–54 · PUBLISHED January-March 2013 · DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.105650

    View on Pharmacogn. Res. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Is one of 3 species of pine found in Nepal, the oil of which is traditionally used to treat cuts, wounds, boils, and blisters. Objective To obtain, analyze, and examine the anti-microbial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils of P. roxburghii. Materials and Methods Three plant parts (cone, needle, and bark) of Pinus roxburghii were collected in Biratnagar, Nepal. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS. The needle and cone essential oils were screened for anti-microbial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger; brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality; and in-vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Results GC-MS analysis for the cone oil revealed 81 compounds with 78 components being identified (95.5% of the oil) while 98.3% of needle oil was identified to contain 68 components and 98.6% of the bark oil (38 components) was identified. The 3 essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenes, particularly (E)-caryophyllene (26.8%-34.5%) and a-humulene (5.0%-7.3%) as well as monoterpene alcohols terpinen-4-ol (4.1%-30.1%) and a-terpineol(2.8%-5.0%). The monoterpene q-3-carene was present only in needle and cone essential oils (2.3% and 6.8%, respectively). Bio-activity assays of the cone essential oil of P. roxburghii showed remarkable cytotoxic activity (100% killing of MCF-7 cells at 100 μg/ mL) along with notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50=11.8 μg/mL). The cone essential oil did not show anti-bacterial activity, but it did exhibit anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC=39 μg/mL). Conclusion The bioactivity of P. roxburghii essential oil is consistent with its traditional medicinal use.

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      Satyal, P., Paudel, P., Raut, J., Deo, A., Dosoky, N. S., & Setzer, W. N. (2013). Volatile constituents of Pinus roxburghii from Nepal. Pharmacognosy Research, 5(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.105650