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    Oryza sativa (Rice) Hull Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation

    Sang Keun Ha1,2, Jeehye Sung1, Inwook Choi1, Yoonsook Kim1★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
    2. 2Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Yoonsook Kim

    Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.

    kimyus@kfri.re.kr

    Received: 28-07-2015; Revised: 19-08-2015; Accepted: 19-08-2016.

    Volume 12, Issue 48 · pp. 295–301 · PUBLISHED 13 October 2016 · DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.192198

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major cereal crop in many Asian countries and an important staple food source. Rice hulls have been reported to possess antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antiinflammatory effects of rice hull extract and associated signal transduction mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: We found that rice hull extract inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, respectively. The release of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, rice hull extract attenuated the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: This suggests that rice hull extract decreases the production of inflammatory mediators by downregulating ERK and JNK and the NF-κB signal pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

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      Ha, S. K., Sung, J., Choi, I., & Kim, Y. (2016). Oryza sativa (Rice) Hull Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(48), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.192198