Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects of Saponin Extracts from Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy on Key Enzymes Implicated in Type 2 Diabetes In vitro
Mikhail Olugbemiro Nafiu1, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Plant Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa.
CORRESPONDENCE
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
Department of Plant Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa.
Received: 27-12-2016; Revised: 06-03-2017.
Volume 13, Issue 52 · pp. 576–582 · PUBLISHED 13 November 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_583_16
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ABSTRACT
Context: Dianthus basuticus is a plant of South African origin with various acclaimed pharmaceutical potentials. Aims: This study explored the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of saponin extract from D. basuticus in vitro. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity of saponin was evaluated by 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (*NO)‑free radical scavenging activity while antidiabetic potentials were measured by the α‑amylase and α‑glucosidase inhibitory activities of the saponin extract. Results: The results showed that the saponin extract, compared with quercetin, displayed better DPPH (IC50 = 6.95 mg/ml) and NO (IC50 = 3.31 mg/ml) radical scavenging capabilities. Similarly, the saponin extracts elicited stronger α‑glucosidase (IC50 = 3.80 mg/ml) and moderate α‑amylase (IC50 = 4.18 mg/ml) inhibitory activities as compared to acarbose. Saponin exhibited a competitive mode of inhibition on α‑amylase with same maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.0093 mM/min for saponin compared with control 0.0095 mM/min and different the Michaelis constant (Km) values of 2.6 × 10‑6 mM and 2.1 × 10‑5 mM, respectively, while for α‑glucosidase, the inhibition was uncompetitive, Vmax of 0.027 mM/min compared with control 0.039 mM/min and Km values of 1.02 × 10‑6 mM and 1.38 × 10‑6 mM, respectively. The gas chromatography‑mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of bioactive like β‑ and α‑amyrin, 3‑O‑methyl‑D‑glucose, methyl commate, and olean‑12‑en‑3‑beta‑ol. Conclusion: Overall, the data suggested that the saponin extract from D. basuticus has potentials as natural antioxidants and antidiabetics.
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Nafiu, M. O., & Ashafa, A. O. T. (2017). Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects of Saponin Extracts from Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy on Key Enzymes Implicated in Type 2 Diabetes In vitro. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(52), 576–582. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_583_16