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    Article

    Superoxide Scavenging and Antiglycation Activity of Rhinacanthins‑rich Extract Obtained from the Leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus

    Muhammad Ajmal Shah2, Haji Muhammad3, Yasir Mehmood4, Ruqaiya Khalil5, Zaheer Ul‑Haq5, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant2,6★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
    2. 2Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Main Campus, Karachi-75300.
    3. 3Department of Chemistry, Quaidi-Azam University, Islamabad.
    4. 4Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
    5. 5Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant

    Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Main Campus, Karachi-75300.

    pharkphoom.p@psu.ac.th

    Received: 15-05-2017; Revised: 30-05-2017.

    Volume 13, Issue 52 · pp. 652–658 · PUBLISHED 13 November 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_196_17

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Oxidative stress and nonenzymatic protein glycation lead to serious diabetic complications that increase the risk of mortality. Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf crude extracts are previously reported for their antidiabetic, antiglycation, and antioxidant potential. Objective: The present study was performed to prepare a standardized rhinacanthins‑rich extract (RRE) and evaluate its superoxide scavenging and antiglycation effects as compared to its marker compounds, namely, rhinacanthin‑C (RC), rhinacanthin‑D (RD), and rhinacanthin‑N (RN). Materials and Methods: RRE was obtained by microwave‑assisted green extraction along with a simple step of fractionation using Amberlite® column. RC, RD, and RN were isolated from the RRE using silica gel column chromatography. Superoxide scavenging activity was performed by cyclic voltammetry, and fructose‑mediated human serum albumin glycation model was used for antiglycation activity. In silico studies were conducted to identify the structure‑activity relationships of rhinacanthins. Results: On the basis of kinetic measurements, RRE exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity via ErCi mechanism, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 8.0 µg/mL, antioxidant capacity of 39439 M−1, and binding constant of 45709 M−1. Antiglycation assay showed that RRE exhibited almost equivalent glycation inhibitory effect to that of RC, with IC50 values of 39.7 and 37.3 µg/mL, respectively, but higher than that of RD (IC50 of 50.4 µg/mL), RN (IC50 of 89.5 µg/mL), as well as the positive control, rutin (IC50 of 41.5 µg/mL). Conclusions: The potent superoxide scavenging and albumin glycation inhibitory effect of RRE rationalized its therapeutic application in various chronic diseases, especially in the complications of diabetes.

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      Shah, M. A., Muhammad, H., Mehmood, Y., Khalil, R., Ul‑Haq, Z., & Panichayupakaranant, P. (2017). Superoxide Scavenging and Antiglycation Activity of Rhinacanthins‑rich Extract Obtained from the Leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(52), 652–658. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_196_17