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    Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Anethum graveolens Seeds Exerts an Antiproliferative Effect by Inhibiting Anti‑apoptotic Proteins in MCF‑7 and PC‑3 Cells: An in vitro and Molecular Docking Study

    Furkhan Ahmed Mohammed2★, Waseem Mohammed Abdul3, Md Tabish Rehman4, Mohamed F. AlAjmi4, Fareeduddin Quadri Syed2, Muqtadir Baig Mirza2, Ayman I. Elkady2,5, Anzarul Haque6, Muhummadh Khan2,7★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
    2. 2Department of Microbiology, Mumtaz Degree and PG College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
    3. 3Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    4. 4Department Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
    5. 5College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz university, Alkharj.
    6. 6Genetics and Biotechnology Section, Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Furkhan Ahmed Mohammed

    Department of Microbiology, Mumtaz Degree and PG College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

    furkhanmohammed11@gmail.com

    Received: 18-12-2020; Revised: 10-02-2021; Accepted: 18-03-2021.

    Volume 17, Issue 5S · pp. S105–S113 · PUBLISHED 10 June 2021 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_538_20

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Objectives: We investigated, the antiproliferative effect of ethyl acetate fraction of dill (EAFD), on MCF‑7 and PC‑3 cell lines and its two most active components, anethole and carvone by molecular docking analysis. Materials and Methods: In‑vitro assays, like cell viability assay and measurement of reactive oxygen species, were performed besides performing Giemsa stain and other fluorescent stains; JC‑1 dye, dual mixed stain ethidium bromide/acridine orange and 4,6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole stain to study morphological characteristics, including molecular docking analysis. EAFD concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mg/ml) were used. Results: The EAFD prominently inhibited the proliferation of MCF‑7 cells and PC‑3 cells by dose‑dependent and time‑dependent methods. Increased exposure of EAFD to MCF‑7 and PC‑3 cells increases the level of intracellular oxidative stress. Similarly, EAFD exposure confirms the morphological alternations such as cell shrinkage, membrane disruption, nuclear condensation, and blebbing in phase‑contrast microscopy and even fluorescent microscopy stains can lead to mitochondrial membrane degradation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation. Analyses of docking results suggest that anethole and carvone bind to the hydrophobic patches of Bcl‑2 and Bcl-xL through hydrophobic interactions. Conclusion: The EAFD may be antiproliferative activity and leading to pro‑apoptotic cell death. Molecular docking analysis of Bcl‑2 and Bcl-xL anti‑apoptotic protein indicated that the antiproliferative activity and pro‑apoptotic cell deaths by EAFD are possibly due to inhibition of these proteins.

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      Mohammed, F. A., Abdul, W. M., Rehman, M. T., AlAjmi, M. F., Syed, F. Q., Mirza, M. B., Elkady, A. I., Haque, A., & Khan, M. (2021). Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Anethum graveolens Seeds Exerts an Antiproliferative Effect by Inhibiting Anti‑apoptotic Proteins in MCF‑7 and PC‑3 Cells: An in vitro and Molecular Docking Study. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 17(5S), S105–S113. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_538_20