Phcog.Net logo
Submit

BROWSE ALL JOURNALS

    SEE ALL 6 JOURNALS
    Pharmacognosy MagazineNOW IN
    Article

    In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Erythroxylum cuneatum Leaf Extract on Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-stimulated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells

    Siti Khadijah Adam1★, Nitya Shanmugam1, Sharlina Mohamad2, Shamima Abd Rahman3, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas1★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
    2. 2Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA.
    3. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Siti Khadijah Adam

    Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

    sk.adam@upm.edu.my

    Received: 01-06-2022; Accepted: 15-07-2022.

    Volume 19, Issue 2 · pp. 203–213 · PUBLISHED 2023 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137401

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes inflammation, which results in the expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion and migration. This eventually leads to the progression of atherosclerosis. Erythroxylum cuneatum (EC), locally known as “Chinta mula,” is used as traditional medicine in certain countries. However, the scientific evidence of its medicinal properties, particularly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still limited. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of EC leaf extract in protecting against atherosclerosis in vitro. Materials and Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) induced by oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were treated with comparable concentrations (40 and 80 µg/ml) of EC ethanol and acetone leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ROS, and nitric oxide (NO) production assays. The antiinflammatory effects of EC leaf extract were evaluated using monocyte adhesion and migration assays and the expression of adhesion molecules, namely, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Results: Both EC extracts possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities against oxLDL-induced HAoECs, which were concentration-dependent. Acetone extract showed significant reduced TBARS levels and increased NO production compared to ethanol extract. It also caused a significant decrease in monocyte adhesion and expression of ICAM-1 as compared to ethanol extract. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EC leaf extract is valuable in preventing atherogenesis. The superior effect of EC acetone extract warrants future studies to elucidate its mechanisms in the prevention of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis.

    KEYWORDS

    Open in new tab

    REFERENCES

    As published

    Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

      Cite this article

      SELECT FORMAT

      Adam, S. K., Shanmugam, N., Mohamad, S., Rahman, S. A., & Moklas, M. A. M. (2023). In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Erythroxylum cuneatum Leaf Extract on Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-stimulated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 19(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296221137401