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    Article

    Inhibitory Potential of Apium graveolens L. Extract on Inflammation in Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice

    Anisha Lyngdoh1,2, Taranga Jyoti Baruah3, Rajeshwar Nath Sharan2, Lakhon Kma1★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Cancer Biology and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
    2. 2Radiation & Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, NorthEastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
    3. 3Department of Biochemistry, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Lakhon Kma

    Cancer Biology and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.

    lakhonkma@gmail.com

    Received: 14-12-2022; Accepted: 28-03-2023.

    Volume 19, Issue 3 · pp. 736–750 · PUBLISHED 2023 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296231170931

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, with a recurrence rate of 80–90% and a high mortality rate. It is an inflammation-related cancer where cytokines production plays a major role, resulting in a non-resolving inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, which promotes the disease. Therefore, targeting inflammation is a logical way to combat HCC. Natural products can be helpful in the co-treatment and prevention of HCC. Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of a methanolic extract of Apium graveolens L. (MAG) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced toxicity in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: We checked the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties of MAG. DEN is known to induce oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This can result in liver damage, increased SGOT, SGPT, and ALP activity in serum, increased expression of HCC biomarkers like AFP and GPC-3, and increased levels of the inflammatory biomarkers NF-κB, IL-6, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The above factors can cause the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathways, triggering the development of HCC. Results: MAG was able to lower the detrimental effects of DEN by restoring liver function; decrease oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxide (GPx), and ϒ-L-glutamyl-L-Cysteinyl-glycine (GSH); decrease the inflammatory factors responsible for HCC; and increase caspase-3 activity. Molecular docking studies showed how phytoconstituents like luteolin, apigenin, and kaempferol present in MAG could potentially be responsible for lowering the effects of DEN in the mice’s liver. Conclusion: Altogether, the present study showed that MAG was able to ameliorate inflammation in the DEN-induced liver carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the use of a whole plant (Apium graveolens) in an anti-cancer study in a mouse model.

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      Lyngdoh, A., Baruah, T. J., Sharan, R. N., & Kma, L. (2023). Inhibitory Potential of Apium graveolens L. Extract on Inflammation in Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 19(3), 736–750. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231170931