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    Mutagenic, Anti-mutagenic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol, Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith

    Farah Syahibah Mohd Hariri1, Asmah Hamid1★, Nor Fadilah Rajab2★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.
    2. 2Centre For Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Asmah Hamid

    Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.

    asmah0901@ukm.edu.my

    Received: 20-12-2022; Accepted: 20-07-2023.

    Volume 20, Issue 1 · pp. 206–217 · PUBLISHED 2024 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296231207226

    View on Pharmacogn. Mag. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (lempoyang) has a traditional application in the treatment of indigestion, worm infestation, loss of appetite, and postpartum conditions. Objectives: Extracts of Z. zerumbet (methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) were utilized to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Materials and Methods: Initially, a mutagenicity test (Ames test) was conducted, followed by an anti-mutagenicity test, to assess the potential of Z. zerumbet extracts in inhibiting mutagenicity induced by sodium azide and 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic ability of the extracts was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results: The mutagenicity assessment revealed that the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited a twofold increase in the number of revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537. Similar results were observed for the hexane extract, except at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL, where no significant increase in revertants was observed. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated a twofold increase in revertants in S. typhimurium strain TA 1535. Notably, the ethyl acetate extract displayed remarkable anti-mutagenic activity against 9-aminoacridine, while the hexane extract exhibited strong antimutagenic activity against sodium azide. Regarding cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay, the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 value estimated at 388.50 ± 135.75 µg/mL. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed IC50 values of 514.17 ± 135.75 and 589.67 ± 241.67 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extracts displayed both mutagenic and cytotoxic activities. However, they also exhibited promising antimutagenic potential, which could be harnessed for cancer prevention purposes.

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      Hariri, F. S. M., Hamid, A., & Rajab, N. F. (2024). Mutagenic, Anti-mutagenic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol, Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 20(1), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231207226