Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Gastric Antiulcerogenic Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract and Leaf Fractions of Solanum stipulaceum Roem. and Schult.
Cirlane Alves Araujo de Lima1, Daniela Feitosa de Oliveira1, Andressa da Silva1, Robson Silva de Lima1, Jymmys Lopes dos Santos1, Antônio Santos Dias1, André Luiz Lima Menezes dos Santos1, Jamylle Nunes de Souza Ferro2, Andrea Yu Kwan Villar Shan1★, Brancilene Santos de Araujo1, Emiliano de Oliveira Barreto2, Maria Silene da Silva3, Josemar Sena Batista1, Sara Maria Thomazzi1, Sonia Piacente4, Cosimo Pizza4, Charles dos Santos Estevam4★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, BRAZIL.
- 2Graduate Center, Federal Institute of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BRAZIL.
- 3Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, BRAZIL.
- 4Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (Salerno), ITALY.
CORRESPONDENCE
Andrea Yu Kwan Villar Shan
Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, BRAZIL.
Received: 12-02-2020; Revised: 15-04-2020; Accepted: 10-06-2020.
Volume 12, Issue 3 · pp. 328–335 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_2_20
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ABSTRACT
Background:An earlier ethnobotanical study showed that the species Solanum stipulaceumwas indicated first in many orders for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical profile and the antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, protective redox, and cytotoxicity activities of the hydroethanol extract (HEE) and leaf fractions of this plant. Materials and Methods:The HEE was obtained by maceration and fractionated by liquid–liquid extraction in fractions: hexane fraction, chloroform fraction (CF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and hydromethanol fraction (HMF). Phytochemical profile was evaluated by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cellular toxicity was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In vivo antiulcerogenic activity was investigated using the ethanol-induced acute ulcer model. Afterward, protective redox activity was assessed with the plasma and liver of these animals using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Results: Tannins, free steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids were found in HEE, and total flavonoid measured was 5.26 ± 0.23 μg/mg of the extract. The DPPH activity was higher than 70% for HEE, EAF, and CF. Treatment with HEE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and CF, EAF, and HMF (200 mg/kg) inhibited the ulcer. CF reduces gastric lesions by 88.29% (50 mg/kg) and 85.65% (100 mg/kg). The HEE (400 mg/kg), CF, and EAF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress in the plasma and in the liver. HMF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress only in the liver. The HEE and fractions 10–50 μg/mL (P< 0.05) were nontoxic, maintaining cell viability at 65%. Conclusion:The extract and fractions have antioxidant activity in vitroand ex vivo,antiulcerogenic effect in vivo, and low cytotoxicity up to 50 μg/mL.
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Lima, C. A. A. D., Oliveira, D. F. D., Silva, A. D., Lima, R. S. D., Santos, J. L. D., Dias, A. S., Santos, A. L. L. M. D., Ferro, J. N. D. S., Shan, A. Y. K. V., Araujo, B. S. D., Barreto, E. D. O., Silva, M. S. D., Batista, J. S., Thomazzi, S. M., Piacente, S., Pizza, C., & Estevam, C. D. S. (). Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Gastric Antiulcerogenic Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract and Leaf Fractions of Solanum stipulaceum Roem. and Schult.. Pharmacognosy Research, 12(3), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr_2_20