Investigating the Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Activities of Azadirachta indica L. through Biochemical Assays
Mamta Yadav1, Smita Mishra1★, Ritu Tiwari1, Bhavna Kumari1, Mayank Shukla1, Meenakshi Dahiya1, Anil Teotia1, Varsha Mehra1, Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan1, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi1★ Corresponding author
- 1Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
CORRESPONDENCE
Smita Mishra
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
Received: 27-09-2022; Revised: 24-11-2022; Accepted: 08-01-2023.
Volume 15, Issue 2 · pp. 242–254 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5530/pres.15.2.026
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ABSTRACT
Background:Azadirachta indicaL., commonly known as ‘neem’ is a member of the Mahagony family, widely available in Indian sub-continents. Neem tree is popularly known for its vast therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, insecticides and pesticides. The plant leaves are commonly used in several Ayurvedic formulations such as ‘kwath’ and ‘churna.’ Due to its high therapeutic value, it is important to standardize and document the quality parameters of the plant leaves. The A. indica leaves were collected, shade dried and pharmacognostic parameters were performed using techniques such as microscopy, physicochemical tests, viz., extractive values, total ash, acid insoluble ash. Apart from this, pharmacological assays for antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities were performed. Based on the assays and preliminary phytochemical analysis, best extract was selected for further compound(s) detection by HPLC and HPTLC. Results:Neem methanolicextract was found to possess various phytochemicals compared to hexaneextract, the methanolicextract of neem leaves also exhibited excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity along with good antimicrobial against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Through HPLC and HPTLC analysis, presence of rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, and quercetin was observed in the neem leaf methanolicextract. The pharmacognostic tests values were found similar to that of stated in IP-2022. Conclusion: This is one of the first kind of research to provide a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of leaves of A. indica L. as well as its pharmacological evaluation along with compounds detection by high throughput analysis.
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Yadav, M., Mishra, S., Tiwari, R., Kumari, B., Shukla, M., Dahiya, M., Teotia, A., Mehra, V., Kalaiselvan, V., & Raghuvanshi, R. S. (). Investigating the Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Activities of Azadirachta indica L. through Biochemical Assays. Pharmacognosy Research, 15(2), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.15.2.026