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    Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Macerate Inhibits Carrageenan-induced Pleurisy in Rats

    Gnatoulma Katawa1★, Fagdéba David Bara1, Foulounanna Daria2, Pélagie Edlom Tchadie1, Tégmaba Gnodja1, Kathrin Arndts3,4, Komlan Batawila5, Manuel Ritter3,4★★ Corresponding author

    1. 1Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires/Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et alimentaires (ESTBA), Université de Lomé, TOGO.
    2. 2Département de Pharmacie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université de Lomé, TOGO.
    3. 3Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, GERMANY.
    4. 4German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), partner site Bonn, Bonn, GERMANY.
    5. 5Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé, TOGO.

    CORRESPONDENCE

    Gnatoulma Katawa

    Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et alimentaires/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires /Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de Lomé, Togo, BP 1515, Lomé, TOGO. ; Dr. Manuel Ritter, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, GERMANY. Email: manuel.ritter@ukbonn.de

    mahkatawa@yahoo.fr

    Received: 24-02-2025; Revised: 04-04-2025; Accepted: 28-05-2025.

    Volume 17, Issue 3 · pp. 1005–1019 · PUBLISHED Jul-Sep 2025 · DOI: 10.5530/pres.20252238

    View on Pharmacogn. Res. original site ↗

    ABSTRACT

    Background Pleurisy is an inflammatory condition of the pleura that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Controlling excessive pleural inflammation is crucial. Xylopia aethiopica, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, may be a potential treatment. Objectives This study evaluates its immunological mechanisms and toxicological impact. Materials and Methods Wistar rats were pre-treated with either chloroquine or X. aethiopica fruit macerate before carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood and pleural exudate via sandwich ELISA. Leukocyte counts were also assessed. Acute and subacute toxicity profiles of the macerate were evaluated in rats. Results Carrageenan injection induced an inflammatory condition, resulting in increased local and systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels, with increased leukocyte influx in the pleural cavity. X. aethiopica macerate significantly reduced systemic (p=0.0026) and local (p=0.0004) TNF-α levels, comparable to chloroquine. No acute toxic effects were observed within 48 hours or 14 days. A 28-day oral administration did not induce behavioral changes, and biochemical analyses suggested safety at studied doses. However, histological analyses revealed vascular congestion and inflammation in the liver and kidneys. Conclusion X. aethiopica macerate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its potential as a pleurisy treatment. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical applications.

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      Katawa, G., Bara, F. D., Daria, F., Tchadie, P. E., Gnodja, T., Arndts, K., Batawila, K., & Ritter, M. (2025). Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Macerate Inhibits Carrageenan-induced Pleurisy in Rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 17(3), 1005–1019. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.20252238